The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.